What is chemotherapy and how does it work?
Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses medicines to destroy cancer cells.
How it works
Cancer cells grow and divide quickly. Chemotherapy targets these rapidly-growing cells and damages their ability to divide and survive. It circulates in the bloodstream, so it can treat cancer throughout the body. Chemotherapy also has the ability to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation therapy.
How it is given
Chemotherapy is usually given through a drip (intravenous infusion) in an outpatient Medical Oncology facility or in Hospital. It is occasionally given as tablets. Chemotherapy is given in cycles (treatment days followed by rest periods).
When chemotherapy is used in head and neck cancer
Chemotherapy may be used:
- With radiotherapy (chemoradiation) to improve disease control and cure rates
- Before or after surgery/radiotherapy
- For advanced or metastatic cancer to control disease, symptoms and prolong life
Common side effects
These vary between people, but may include:
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Mouth sores
- Hair thinning or loss
- Increased risk of infection
- Hearing issues
- Nerve damage
Chemotherapy remains a standard and effective treatment for head and neck cancer.